Tramadol addiction

The only thing missing from the well-intentioned tramadol piece in JFP (McDiarmid T, Mackler L, Schneider DM, "Clinical inquiries. What is the addiction risk associated with tramadol?" J Fam Pract 2005; 54[1]:72-73) was a little common sense. The low numbers they quoted on tramadol addiction and detoxification seem paltry in comparison with illicit opiates (such as heroin) and diverted opiates (such as OxyContin), but the numbers can be deceptive--reporting agencies rarely know what's going on in the real world. In the treatment arena we see staggering amounts of Ultracet and tramadol addiction, with patients popping up to 30 or 40 pills daily to fill an ever-expanding mureceptor void. Many of these fall into the addiction innocently because, and I quote, "My doctor told me that these were safe!" Far from it. The tramadol mu activity is considerable in the opiate-naive patient, and even more so in the recovering opiate addict. The phenomenon of "reinstatement," where any activity at the receptor level triggers old drug-seeking behavior, is well documented, and should be avoided at all costs, especially given the broad nonopiate choices available to our patients in need, including the highly effective neural modulators (such as Neurontin, Depakote, and Trazodone) and NSAID/ COX-2 families. While any primary doc can step into the waters of addiction medicine, some formal training may help avoid potential disasters.